Global distribution types of lichens

 

 

Lists of global distribution patterns can be found in Ahti (1998), Breuss (1995: 178), and Galloway (1979).

Bipolar disjunction (Du Rietz 1926 and later, Galloway 1979, Øvstedal & Gremmen 1995):

  1. Arthrorhaphis citrinella (Ach.) Poelt in Lindsay (1977: 686), Galloway (1985: 21).
  2. Buellia coniops - Lindsay (1977: 686)
  3. Caloplaca tornoensis H. Magn. - Galloway (2001: 21)
  4. Catapyrenium cinereum - Breuss (1995: 178)
  5. Catapyrenium daedaleum - Breuss (1995: 178)
  6. Cetraria delisei (Bory ex Schaer.) Nyl. - Kärnefelt (1979: 68)
  7. Cladonia balfourii - Lindsay (1977: 686).
  8. Cladonia macilenta - Lindsay (1977: 686).
  9. Cladonia pyxidata - Lindsay (1977: 686).
  10. Tremolecia atrata - Lindsay (1977: 686 as Lecidea atrata).
  11. Lecidea lapicida - Lindsay (1977: 686).
  12. Pannaria hookeri - Lindsay (1977: 686).
  13. Parmelia saxatilis - Lindsay (1977: 686).
  14. Parmelia sulcata - Lindsay (1977: 686).
  15. Peltigera canina - Lindsay (1977: 686).
  16. Peltigera lepidophora (Nyl. ex Vain.) Bitter
  17. Peltigera polydactyla - Lindsay (1977: 686).
  18. Physcia phaea - Lindsay (1977: 686).
  19. Pseudocyphellaria crocata - Lindsay (1977: 686).
  20. Ramalina subfarinacea - Lindsay (1977: 686).
  21. Rhizocarpon copelandii (Körb.) Th. Fr. - Övstedal & Gremmen (1995: 1).
  22. Sporastatia testudinea - Lindsay (1977: 686).
  23. Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch - Övstedal & Gremmen (1995: 2)
  24. Umbilicaria grisea Hoffm. - Galloway (2001: 22)
  25. Umbilicaria krascheninnikovii (Savicz) Zahlbr. - Galloway (2001: 23)
  26. Verrucaria maura - Lindsay (1977: 686).
  27. Verrucaria mucosa - Lindsay (1977: 686).
  28. Xanthomendoza borealis - Lindblom & Søchting (2013: )

Bi-temperate disjunction (Laundon 1989: 7 example genus Leproloma: Europe, North America, Africa, Australasia, South America, Antarctica):

Cosmopolitan (Galloway 1976):

 

Eastern Asian (Galloway 1976):

 

Pantropical (Galloway 1976):

 

Austral (Galloway 1976):

 

Southern Atlantic element (Degelius 1935):

 

Australian (Galloway 1976):

 

Northern hemisphere - southern hemisphere distribution pattern (Hale 1987: 28):

  1. Parmelia saxatilis fide (Hale 1987: 28)
  2. Parmelia sulcata fide (Hale 1987: 28)
  3. Thelomma ocellatum (Körb.) Tibell in Schiefelbein (2011: 244).

Note: Parmelia kerguelensis is not a northern hemisphere - southern hemisphere lichen contrary to the statement of Hale (1987: 28) as the North American records belong to Parmelia pseudosulcata.

 

Enigmatic disjunctions (Feuerer & Hawksworth 2007):

    Alectoria imshaugii: North American West Coast, Gomera, Hierro (Osthagen & Krog 1979, Feuerer & Hawksworth 2007)
    Arthothelium distendens (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.: India (West Bengal), Cuba.
    Bulbothrix coronata (Fée) Hale in USA: Texas, Brazil, Paraguay, SA: Cape Province (Almborn LD)
    Calicium victorianum (F. Wilson) Tibell: British Isles and Australia (Aguirre-Hudson et al., 2007)
    Cetraria odontella: holarctic, common in Finland and Sweden, Mount Kosciusko in Australia (Feuerer & Hawksworth 2007)
    Cladonia alpina (Asah.) Yoshim. in Japan Type and Norway (Tønsberg 1978).
    Fissurina egena (Nyl.) Nyl. in India (West Bengal) and Peru.
    Gyalolechia xanthostigmoidea in the Alps (Poelt 1969) and one locality in Colorado (Anderson 1974: 42)
    Heterodermia namaquana: Namaqualand, southern California, Baja California
    Kaernefeltia merrillii: USA: Nevada, Spain
    Lempholemma vesiculiferum Henssen: Canada (Great Lakes area) Type and South Korea.
    Lepraria aurescens Orange & Wolsely: Thailand and Florida.
    Megalaria bengalensis Jagadeesh et al.: India (West Bengal) and Ecuador.
    Ocellularia pyrenuloides Zahlbr. in H. Magn. & Zahlbr.: Maui (Hawaii, USA Type), Dominica
    Parmelia squarrosa : North America and few samples in the Alps.
    Synarthonia bicolor Müll. Arg.: India (West Bengal) and Costa Rica.
    Thelomma mammosum (Hepp) A. Massal.: in California (USA), Mexico: Guadalupe Island, Micronesia, Fuerteventura, Spain: mainland?
    Umbilicaria africana (Jatta) Krog & Swinscow: Andes from Colombia and Venezuela to Antarctica and Mount Kinabalu in Malaysia.
    Zahlbrucknerella patagonica: Patagonia, Antarctica, Kenya
    Xanthoparmelia arida: Texas, Namaqualand
    Xanthoparmelia barbatica: Queensland, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory to Victoria, Texas
    Xanthoparmelia pustulosa: Colorado, Utah, Gran Canaria

Endemic (Galloway 1976):

 

 

Endemic in Several Islands:

    Coccocarpia pruinosa on New Caledonia and Reunion

 

 

Endemic in Subantarctic Islands:

  1. Aspiciliopsis macrphthalma Caloplaca depauperata Caloplaca vitellinella Lecidea aubertii Lecidea homalotera Lecidea lygomma Lecidea urbanskyana Orceolina kerguelensis Stereocaulon cymosum Usnea insularis