Bryologist 89, 3: 222 (1987) [1986].

Basionym: Lichen intestiniformis Vill., Hist. pl. Dauphiné 3(2): 947 (1789).

Synonyms: Index Fungorum

Protolog: Data lacking.

Protolog type data:

Type locality: Italy, Region Trentino-Alto Adige, between Rolle et Paneveggio Tiroliae meridionalis, 1885 Arnold in Lojka, Lichenoth. Universalis: 63 as Parmelia encausta (Sm.) Nyl. (O - neotype, Krog, Lichenologist 6: 139, 1974).

Type locality coordinates: Data lacking.

Molecular barcode: Data lacking.

Thallus: foliose, to several dm diameter, loosely to closely adnate, central parts more or less covered with numerous ?attened secondary lobes, white to greyish to dark grey, with brownish tips, dull or somewhat shiny; lobes 0.5—1.5(—2) mm wide, o?en broadened towards the apices, marginal lobes appressed; secondary lobules 0.2- 0.4 mm wide; lower surface black, usually with a thin whitish pruina in the outer parts, pale brown at the lobe tips, with scattered hapters. Apothecia fairly common, to c. 10 mm diam., irregular, sometimes lobulate; disc brown. Spores broadly ellipsoid, 10-12 x 6- 8 μ. Pycnidia frequent. Conidia bifusiform, 5-7 x 1 μ.

Photobiont: Data lacking.

Chemistry: Cortex C—, K+ yellow, KC—, PD—; atranorin. Medulla C-, K+ slowly reddish to orange brown, KC—, PD+ orange; fumarprotocetraic acid.

Ecology: Saxicolous, on exposed siliceous rocks, especially on hilltops or shores.

Molecular data: Genbank

Distribution: Occurs in most parts of the Nordic countries except Denmark and southernmost Sweden. Most common in mountain regions in the north, in subalpine regions, or near the coast, but scattered elsewhere. Restricted to Europe but rare outside Fennoscandia, occurring in mountain areas down to the Mediterranean region and in the Scottish Highlands. Database

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