Lich. Helv. Spic., Sect 3: 134 (1828).

Basionym: Rhizocarpon atrobrunneum Ramond ex Lam. & DC., Flora Franc. ed. 3,2: 367 (1805).

Type: France, Alpes, without precise locality (G-DC - holotype).

Thallus: crustose, dark brown, polished, with an epinecral layer, areolate; medulla I+ intensively violet-blue. Hypothallus black, visible between the areolae. Apothecia black, up to 1 mm in diameter, adnate, between or partly on the areolae, moderately constricted at the base; disc epruinose, with somewhat prominent margin. Epithecium emerald green. Hymenium 40-60 µm high. Subhymenium 40-50 µm high, pale or pale brown. Hypothecium brown. Spores colorless, ellipsoid, simple, 7-10 / 3-4.5 µm (Inoue 2002: 7).

Photobiont: Green alga.

Chemistry: Confluentic acid, unidentified minor constituents (Inoue 2002: 7).

Ecology: On silicious rock, widely distributed in alpine or higher latitudes of both hemispheres including arctic and antarctic regions (Inoue 2002: 7).

Molecular data: Genbank

Distribution: Bipolar. Database

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