Contr. U.S. National Herb. 34: 526 (1968).

Chemistry:
Race I: Atranorin (major) , caperatic acid (major), a further fatty acid of the caperatic acid syndrome, pannaric acid (in traces or not detected), jackinic acid (traces or mostly not detected) (Obermeyer & Randlane 2012: 57 majority of specimens).
Race II: Atranorin (major) , jackinic acid (major), norjackinic acid (traces), pannaric acid (traces) (Obermeyer & Randlane 2012: 57 a single specimen).