Preliminary version 1 December 2014
Scutaria andina (Räsänen) Søchting, Frödén & Arup
Nordic J. Bot. 31: 63 (2013).
Basionym: Xanthoria andina Räsänen, Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina 128: 140 (1939).
Synonym: Index Fungorum
Protolog: Data lacking.
Type locality: Argentina, Provinz Mendoza, Luján [vermutlich Luján de Cuyo ist die Hauptstadt des gleichnamigen Departamento Luján de Cuyo in der Provinz Mendoza], Estancia El Salto, 21/22.9.1935, 1800 m, Ruiz Leal 3280 (H - lectotype; H, MERL - isolectotypes). Lectotypification by Scutari et al. (2002: 215).
Barcode: Available.
Coordinates: 33° 2' S, 68° 53' W.
Thallus: lobate, orbicular, up to ca. 3 cm diam., closely appressed, firmly attached, pruinose to epruinose, variable in colour (buff, luteous - sometimes with an orange or ochre tinge, or pure yellow to amber), K+ purple; with no vegetative propagules. Lobes ± dichotomous, plane, mostly imbricate, narrow, 0.20-0.70-1.40 mm, apices usually broadened, up to 1.75(-2.00) mm wide; pruina white, farinose, abundant to scarce, or absent. Lower surface whitish, indistinctly corticate, with unbranched to net-like strands of hyphae as well as single cortical hyphae penetrating the bark. Upper cortex irregular in thickness, subprosoplectenchymatous (in the sense of Scutari 1992 a, b, 1995), composed of densely intricate, mesodermatous hyphae, and leptodermatous, isodiametric to oblong cells, forming cups that surround algal clusters; algal layer discontinuous; medulla composed of loosely interwoven hyphae, sometimes with a second layer of agglutinated hyphae forming densely interwoven strands in the lower part; lower cortex scarcely developed and differentiated from the medulla, irregular in thickness, of 1-3 layers of periclinal hyphae.
Apothecia commonly present, closely clustered in the central part of the thallus, mostly zeorine, up to 1.40-1.75 mm diam., discs plane to convex, rosy buff or salmon, duteous-orange, pure orange or with a scarlet, apricot or fulvous tinge, ocherous, cinnamon to fulvous, margins thin, mostly entire and double, discs (sometimes also the margins) with white purina to epruinose, proper excipulum always present and well developed, prosoplectenchymatous; paraphyses lax, about 2 µm thick, apical cells slightly inflated, up to 4 µm thick; asci of Teloschistes-type, (42.0-)55.0-70.0(-98.0) x (8.0-)15.0-18.0(-21.0) µm; with 8 hyaline, ellipsoid, polar-diblastic ascospores, (10.0-)12.6-17.5 x (4.8-)6.0-8.0(-8.6) µm; septa 1.2-4.0 µm thick.
Pycnidia usually present, immersed in orange, prominent warts, cerebriform, Xanthoria-type; spermatia hyaline, rod-shaped, small, 2.5-4 x 0.5-0.7 µm (Scutari et al. 2002: 215-216).
Photobiont: Data lacking.
Chemistry: Fragilin (major pigment; yellow), 7-chloro-parietinic acid (minor pigment; orange) and traces of parietin (yellow pigment) and emodin (orange pigment). Accessory compounds: lichesterol, ergosterol, ursolic acid (+/-) (Scutari et al. 2002: 215-216).
Ecology: Corticolous.
Molecular data: Genbank
Distribution: South America. Database
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